In West Virginia and Virginia, state legislators have defined “intentionally” as “knowingly and intentionally.” This definition makes it possible to meet the standard of intent easily and without prior planning. As a result, this definition has been criticized by some legal analysts. State v Guthrie (1995) encouraged this confusion, as the court held in that case that the term “intentionally” refers to any period of time between the formation of the defendant`s intention and its performance. The court noted that any period of time that passes allows the accused to be aware of his actions without a required time before the murder. The modern definition of massacre as “blind slaughter, slaughter” and the later verb of this form, which comes from Middle French in the late 16th century, evolved from Middle French “makakr, macecle,” meaning “slaughterhouse, butchery.” Other origins are doubtful, but could be related to the Latin macellum “food store, butcher”. [4] [5] [6] A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in the fighting or have no means of defending themselves. [1] A massacre is generally considered morally unacceptable, especially when committed by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a borrowing from a French term for “butcher” or “carnage.” [2] A “massacre” is not necessarily a “crime against humanity.” [3] Other terms with overlapping scope include war crimes, pogroms, mass murder, mass murder, and extrajudicial executions. Similarly, Levene (1999) attempts an objective classification of “massacres” throughout history, the term referring to murders perpetrated by groups of overwhelming violence against defenceless victims. It excludes certain cases of mass executions and demands that the massacres have the characteristic of being morally unacceptable. [b] The term “fractal massacre” has been given to two different phenomena, the first is the fragmentation of Aboriginal tribes by killing more than 30% of the tribe during one of their hunting missions,[12] and the second is given to the phenomenon of many small murders that add to a larger genocide. [13] Cases of “systematic and large-scale violence against the civilian population.” Although the term mass atrocities has no formal legal definition, it generally refers to genocide (as defined above), crimes against humanity, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing.
n. the killing of a human being by a reasonable person, with the intent to kill malice in advance (prior intent to kill the particular victim or anyone who stands in the way) and without excuse or legal authority. In these clear circumstances, it is first-degree murder. Under the law, many states consider murder involving torture, displacement of the person prior to murder (abduction), or death of a police officer or prison guard, or any other crime (such as assault or rape) to be first-degree murder, with or without intent, and with alleged malice. Second-degree murder is such murder without intent, as in the heat of passion or in a sudden quarrel or fight. Malevolence in second-degree murder may be implied by death because of the reckless lack of concern for the lives of others (p. e.g., shooting a gun into a crowd or hitting someone with a deadly weapon). Depending on the circumstances and state laws, first- or second-degree murder may be attributed to a person who did not actually kill, but was involved in a crime with a partner who actually committed the murder, or someone died as a result of the crime. Example: In a liquor store, where the employee shoots the stolen man and kills a bystander, the armed robber may be convicted of at least one second degree murder.
A murder charge requires the victim to die within a year of the attack. The death of an unborn child that is “rapid” (fetal movements) can be murder, provided there was intent, malice and no legal authority. Therefore, according to the law, abortion is not murder. Example: Jack Violent shoots his pregnant girlfriend and kills the fetus. Manslaughter, whether intentional or involuntary, does not have the element of malice. Manslaughter to murder is a matter of intent. The distinction is legally justified. Crimes against humanity are defined as “any of the following when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population”.
The acts include murder, extermination, slavery, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape (and other gender-based or sexual crimes), collective persecution, enforced disappearances, apartheid and “other inhumane acts of a similar character that intentionally cause great suffering or serious injury to physical, mental or physical integrity.” The term massacre was used ininflationarily in journalism in the first half of the 20th century.